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WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors with Overweight or Obesity.

Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. Cancer Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA. Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. Department of Family Medicine, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. Moores Cancer Center, US San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. College of Public Health, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Nutrients. 2023;(15)
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Abstract

Adipocyte dysregulation is one mechanism linking overweight and breast cancer recurrence. Exercise and weight loss are associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, which may be mediated through reduced leptin levels, increased adiponectin levels, and an elevated adiponectin to leptin (A:L) ratio. The four-arm randomized controlled WISER Survivor trial examined the 12-month intervention effects of exercise, weight loss, and the combination of exercise and weight loss on adipokine levels among breast cancer survivors (n = 339) with overweight or obesity. Compared with Control, the Combination of Exercise and Weight Loss decreased leptin levels (-35.9%; 95% CI: -46.8%, -25.0%) and increased A:L ratio (11.6%; 95% CI: 5.6%, 17.6%) but did not change adiponectin levels (4.1%; 95% CI: -3.1%, 11.2%). Compared with Control, Weight Loss Alone decreased leptin levels (-35.6%; 95% CI: -46.6%, -24.5%) and increased A:L ratio (10.6%; 95% CI: 4.7%, 16.5%) but did not change adiponectin levels (0.9%; 95% CI: -6.0%, 7.9%). Compared with Control, Exercise Alone did not change leptin levels, adiponectin levels, or A:L ratio. In analyses that consolidated intervention groups, compared with Control, weight loss of ≥5% decreased leptin levels (p trend < 0.01) and increased A:L ratio (p trend < 0.01) but did not alter adiponectin levels (p trend = 0.53). Weight loss, with or without exercise, was associated with decreased leptin levels in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity. Improvements in the adipokine secretion profile (A:L ratio) were primarily driven by a weight loss-induced change in leptin levels.